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RCAT · Software & SaaS · Industrials

Red Cat Holdings, Inc.

$3.93−8.3%Close 11/12 · Next earnings Nov 16, 2026 (in 3 days)
Compare RCAT with another stock
What it sells
Product related is 93% of revenue (fiscal year to Dec 2025).
Growing?
Yes: revenue up 527% on a year earlier (quarter ended Jun 2026).
Expensive?
Price-to-sales (P/S) 8.4×. Above the peer median of 2.8x. The market pays more per $1 of revenue than for peers.
Analysts?
86% of 7 say buy; average 12-month target $15.57, 296% above today's price.
Risky?
Much swingier than most large companies: its price swung 108% over the past year (the S&P 500's 14%), and it fell as much as 80% since Nov 2021.
Market cap$601M
Revenue (TTM)$72M
Net income (TTM)−$97M
P/E (trailing)—
52-week closing range$3 – $17
Dividend yieldNo dividend

Red Cat Holdings, Inc. is a U.S. provider of uncrewed systems for defense, government, and public safety, delivering American-made drone hardware and related software through subsidiaries including Teal Drones (e.g., Black Widow™ sUAS) and FlightWave Aerospace (e.g., Edge 130 VTOL tricopter), and expanding into uncrewed surface vessels (USVs) via Blue Ops.

More about Red Cat Holdings

Revenue is primarily generated from system sales (platforms, payloads, spares) and related support/services, with a meaningful portion tied to government procurement cycles.

Market Position

Red Cat competes in the U.S. “secure/NDAA-compliant” sUAS market where Blue UAS alignment and domestic manufacturing are key differentiators; it faces large share incumbency from DJI globally and domestic competition such as Skydio in U.S. markets. The company positions around a multi-platform Family of Systems approach spanning air (ISR/FPV) and maritime (USVs), plus partnerships for autonomy and mission software.

Key Segments

Red Cat operates through product-focused subsidiaries spanning small UAS (Teal Drones), VTOL/extended-range UAS (FlightWave Aerospace), remote inspection / confined-space drone solutions (Skypersonic), and USVs (Blue Ops).

How has the stock done?

Over the past year RCAT fell 54.0%; the aerospace & defense ETF (ITA) rose 2.6% and the S&P 500 rose 10.8%.

RCAT −54.0%Aerospace & defense ETF (ITA) +2.6%Earnings released
How much it movesRisk
Biggest fall
−80%

From Jan 22, 2026 to Nov 5, 2026, the deepest drop from a high since Nov 2021

Volatility, past year
108%

How much the price swings in a year; the S&P 500's was 14%

Beta, past year
3.50

When the S&P 500 moves 1%, the stock has moved about 3.5% the same way

Show the earnings releases
ReleasedQuarterRevenueEPS vs estimateStock, day after5 days after
Aug 6, 2026ended Jun 2026$20M (+527% vs a year earlier)−$0.23 vs −$0.17 (missed)+6.4%+18.1%
May 7, 2026ended Mar 2026$15M (+849% vs a year earlier)−$0.22 vs −$0.12 (missed)−2.4%−8.3%
Mar 18, 2026ended Dec 2025$26M−$0.17 vs −$0.15 (missed)−10.8%−6.5%
Mar 18, 2024ended Jan 2024$5.8M (+251% vs a year earlier)—−2.7%+3.5%
Sep 15, 2023ended Jul 2023$1.7M (+55% vs a year earlier)—−3.0%−2.4%

Change in closing price from the first day shown, or with Price the closing price itself. Prices: Yahoo Finance, to Nov 12, 2026. Dashed lines: the days the company released earnings (its SEC 8-K filings); EPS estimates: Yahoo Finance. The stock's move after a release runs from the last close before its day to the close the day after (or five days after), so a release before the open counts like one after the close.

Is the business growing?

Revenue was $20M in the quarter ended Jun 2026, up 527% from a year earlier.

Revenue by quarter
Change from the same quarter a year earlier
Show the data
Quarter endedRevenuevs a year earlier
Apr 2023$1.1M+68%
Jul 2023$1.7M+55%
Oct 2023$3.9M+426%
Jan 2024$5.8M+251%
Mar 2024$6.6M—
Apr 2024$6.3M+485%
Jun 2024$6.4M—
Jul 2024$2.8M+59%
Sep 2024$1.3M—
Oct 2024$1.5M−61%
Mar 2025$1.6M−75%
Jun 2025$3.2M−50%
Sep 2025$9.6M+646%
Dec 2025$26M—
Mar 2026$15M+849%
Jun 2026$20M+527%
Revenue by productFiscal years, from Red Cat Holdings's 10-K

In the fiscal year to Dec 2025, Product related was 93% and Contract related was 7% of revenue; Product related rose from 77% in the fiscal year to Apr 2024.

Product relatedContract related
Show the data
Fiscal yearPartRevenueShare
FY2024Product related$14M77%
FY2024Contract related$4.2M23%
FY2025Product related$38M93%
FY2025Contract related$2.9M7%
Earnings per shareDiluted, GAAP
EPS, quarter ended Jun 2026
−$0.26

A year earlier −$0.15

EPS, last four quarters
−$0.81

Diluted, from SEC filings

Quarters: Red Cat Holdings, Inc.'s SEC filings, named by the month they end. Fiscal years: Red Cat Holdings, Inc.'s annual reports to the SEC.

How it makes money

The company loses $177.0 for every $100 of revenue. Operating expenses exceed all of gross profit.

Where each $1 of revenue goesFiscal year ended 2025-12-31
Revenue
Total sales
$41M100%
Gross profit
Revenue minus direct costs
$1.3M3.1% of revenue
Cost of revenue
Direct cost of making or buying goods
$39M96.9% of revenue
Operating loss
Expenses above gross profit
−$67M−163.5% of revenue
Net loss
The bottom-line loss
−$72M−177.0% of revenue
Margins by quarter
Gross 16.1%Operating −191.4%Net −174.6%
Show the data
Quarter endedGrossOperatingNet
Apr 2023−87.4%−1,053.1%−1,053.4%
Jul 202310.0%−320.0%−333.9%
Oct 202330.5%−133.4%−148.7%
Jan 202418.8%−76.0%−93.9%
Mar 202417.0%−91.4%−102.5%
Apr 202419.1%−119.0%−112.1%
Jun 20244.2%−83.7%−127.1%
Jul 2024−17.4%−447.2%−447.2%
Sep 2024−30.3%−653.2%−962.0%
Oct 2024−1.5%−868.9%−868.9%
Mar 2025−52.2%−765.7%−1,418.9%
Jun 202511.7%−392.9%−412.6%
Sep 20256.6%−181.7%−166.0%
Dec 20254.2%−91.3%−74.9%
Mar 202612.7%−176.5%−171.6%
Jun 202616.1%−191.4%−174.6%

Beyond ±100% the scale is logarithmic, so that Mar 2025's −1,419% and the quarters near zero both read. Circled: Sep 2024 (net −962.0%, operating −653.2%), Mar 2025 (net −1,418.9%, operating −765.7%). Net margin is usually about 6 points below operating margin; in those quarters something below operating income (a tax charge or benefit, a gain or loss on investments, a write-down) moved it, not the business itself.

Gross margin, fiscal year
3.1%

−11.3 pts over 3 years

Operating margin, fiscal year
−163.5%

Loss exceeds revenue

Net margin, fiscal year
−177.0%

Loss exceeds revenue

Each margin is that line of the income statement divided by revenue. Fiscal year: Red Cat Holdings, Inc.'s annual reports to the SEC; quarters: SEC filings.

Customers and suppliers

In its latest annual report Red Cat Holdings sells to the U.S. government; one customer it does not name accounts for 73% of its revenue; it names no suppliers.

Along the supply chainTwo steps either way, as each company’s latest annual report names the others
RCATRed Cat Holdings

Customers

Unnamed customer 73%
U.S. government 73%
Largest customersShare of revenue by quarter, as each filing labels them

Red Cat Holdings's 10-Q for the quarter to Mar 2026 gives two customers' shares of its revenue: Customer A (56%) and Customer B (19%).

Customer A 56%Customer B 19%Fiscal year
Show the filings' numbers
PeriodCustomerShare of revenueFiling
Year ended Apr 2024Customer One28%10-K filed Mar 19, 2026
Year ended Apr 2024Customer Two23%10-K filed Mar 19, 2026
Year ended Apr 2024Customer Three10%10-K filed Mar 19, 2026
Quarter ended Mar 2025Customer C31%10-Q filed May 7, 2026
Quarter ended Mar 2025Customer D26%10-Q filed May 7, 2026
Quarter ended Mar 2025Customer E17%10-Q filed May 7, 2026
Year ended Dec 2025Customer One73%10-K filed Mar 19, 2026
Quarter ended Mar 2026Customer A56%10-Q filed May 7, 2026
Quarter ended Mar 2026Customer B19%10-Q filed May 7, 2026

From Red Cat Holdings, Inc.'s 10-Q and 10-K filings (XBRL): each customer whose share of revenue a filing tags, under the filing's own label, so “Customer A” in one filing can be another company in the next; a later filing's figures for a period replace an earlier one's. Rings are fiscal years: a 10-K gives the year, not its fourth quarter.

Partners

Lind XIinvested in Red Cat Holdings · Provides convertible financing and holds warrants$15.0 million funding in February 2025
FirestormRed Cat Holdings invested in it · Holds Series A Preferred Stock investment$0.3 million SAFE investment in November 2022; converted into Series A Preferred Stock in July 2025
Lind Xinvested in Red Cat Holdings · Holds common stock purchase warrantsWarrant for 750,000 shares at $6.50 per share, exercisable for five years, issued September 2024
AeroVironment AVAVDevelop drone payload deployment capabilitiesPalantir PLTRIntegrate visual navigation software into drones
ApiumIntegrate distributed autonomy into drone systems

Changes since the previous annual report (10-K filed Aug 8, 2024)

ApiumNamed for the first time, as a partner
Lind XNamed for the first time, as a partnerWarrant for 750,000 shares at $6.50 per share, exercisable for five years, issued September 2024
Lind XINamed for the first time, as a partner$15.0 million funding in February 2025
Palantir PLTRNamed for the first time, as a partner
NOBLENo longer named (was a partner)
Show the filing's words
CompanyRoleIn the filing's words
AeroVironmentpartner · co-develops with it“We announced a development roadmap with AeroVironment, Inc. ("AV") (NASDAQ: AVAV) to enable our FANGTM FPV drones to be deployed as a payload from AV’s P550TM all-electric Group 2 eVTOL UAS.”
Palantirpartner“We successfully completed flight testing of our Black WidowTM drone equipped with Palantir Technologies Inc. (Nasdaq: PLTR) Visual Navigation (VNav) Software. The test demonstrated that the Black WidowTM drone can navigate in GPS-denied conditions using Palantir’s visual-based navigation software.”
Apiumpartner“Apium Swarm Robotics, Inc., a developer of distributed autonomy for unmanned systems, signed a memorandum of agreement with the Company and joined the Red Cat Futures Initiative. The Futures Initiative is a strategic collaboration aimed to fast-track the deployment of autonomous systems across air, land, and sea.”
U.S. governmentcustomer“In fiscal year 2025, we generated approximately 73% of our total revenues from contracts with the U.S. Government.”
One customer (unnamed)customer“For the year ended December 31, 2025, one customer accounted for equal to or greater than 10% of total revenue, totaling 73%.”
Firestormpartner · Red Cat Holdings invested in it“In November 2022, the Company entered into a SAFE (Simple Agreement for Future Equity) agreement with Firestorm Labs, Inc. (“Firestorm”) under which it made a payment of $0.3 million to Firestorm in exchange for the right to certain shares of Firestorm stock....In July 2025, Firestorm completed a Series A Preferred Stock financing, and the Company's SAFE investment converted into shares of Firestorm's Series A Preferred Stock.”
Lind Xpartner · invested in Red Cat Holdings“In September 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “September 2024 SPA”) with Lind Global Asset Management X LLC (“Lind X”). Under the September 2024 SPA, the Company received approximately $8.0 million in funding from Lind X in exchange for a Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note in the amount of $9.6 million (the “September 2024 Note”) and a Common Stock Purchase Warrant for the purchase of 750,000 shares of our common stock at a price of $6.50 per share, exercisable for five years (the “September 2024 Warrant”).”
Lind XIpartner · invested in Red Cat Holdings“In February 2025, the Company entered into another Securities Purchase Agreement (the “February 2025 SPA”) with Lind Global Asset Management XI LLC ("Lind XI," and together with Lind X, "Lind"). Under the February 2025 SPA, the Company received approximately $15.0 million in funding from Lind XI in exchange for a Senior Convertible Promissory Note in the amount of $16.5 million (the “February 2025 Note”) and a Common Stock Purchase Warrant for the purchase of 1,000,000 shares of our common stock at a price of $15.00 per share, exercisable for five years (the “February 2025 Warrant”).”

Only the companies Red Cat Holdings names in its 10-K filed Mar 19, 2026 (SEC). The supply chain joins the latest annual reports of the companies on it and the 8-Ks they filed since: a link shows when either side's report names the other, so it grows as more reports are read. Hover a name for the filing's own words. Customers it does not name are listed as the filing describes them.

Is it expensive?

Currently unprofitable, so P/E does not apply, so we look at price-to-sales instead: 8.4x, above the peer median of 2.8x. Revenue is up 527% from a year ago.

8.4×Price-to-sales (P/S)

Above the peer median of 2.8x. The market pays more per $1 of revenue than for peers.

Vs. peersPrice-to-sales (x)
RCATPeersPeer median 2.8x
Show the data
CompanyPrice-to-sales (P/S)
SPCX · Space Exploration Technologies Corp.59.3×
RCAT · Red Cat Holdings, Inc.8.4×
GE · GE Aerospace6.5×
RTX · RTX Corporation2.8×
LMT · Lockheed Martin Corporation1.8×
BA · The Boeing Company1.4×

Red Cat Holdings, Inc. is currently unprofitable, so P/E does not apply. We use price-to-sales instead: market cap as a multiple of revenue.

What analysts expect

The average analyst price target is $15.57, 296% above the current price; 86% of 7 analysts rate it a buy; earnings missed estimates in all of the last 4 quarters.

12-month price targetsCurrent price $3.93
12 mo agoTodayIn 12 mo
High target
$25.00+535%
Average target
$15.57+296%
Low target
$6.00+52%
Ratings7 analysts
Strong Buy 1Buy 5Hold 1Sell 0Strong Sell 0

Buy or Strong Buy: 6 analysts (86%). Sell or Strong Sell: 0.

Targets and ratings over the past year13 changes by 6 firms

Since May 27, 2026 the average of the analysts' latest price targets went from $20.00 to $16.20 (−19%), while RCAT went from $10.67 to $3.93 (−63%). In the past three months targets were cut once and never raised. No firm upgraded or downgraded it over the year.

Average target $16.20RCATMiddle half of targets
Targets raised, by monthTargets cut
Show every change
DateFirmChangeRatingTarget
Oct 23, 2026Piper SandlerTarget cutNeutral$6.00, was $9.00
Oct 20, 2026NeedhamTarget keptBuy$15.00
Sep 2, 2026Piper SandlerBegan coverageNeutral$9.00
Aug 31, 2026Evercore ISI GroupBegan coverageOutperform$15.00
Aug 7, 2026HC Wainwright & Co.Target keptBuy$20.00
Aug 7, 2026NeedhamTarget cutBuy$15.00, was $20.00
Jun 1, 2026Roth CapitalBegan coverageBuy$25.00
May 27, 2026HC Wainwright & Co.Began coverageBuy$20.00
Mar 19, 2026NeedhamTarget raisedBuy$20.00, was $16.00
Mar 3, 2026Ladenburg ThalmannTarget raisedBuy$20.00, was $15.00
Mar 2, 2026NeedhamTarget keptBuy$16.00
Jan 13, 2026NeedhamTarget raisedBuy$16.00, was $12.00
Nov 14, 2025NeedhamTarget cutBuy$12.00, was $17.00
Earnings against estimatesLast 4 quarters, per share
Average estimateReported, beatReported, missed
Show the data
QuarterEstimateReportedSurprise
Sep ’25−$0.10−$0.16−60.0%
Dec ’25−$0.15−$0.17−13.3%
Mar ’26−$0.12−$0.22−83.3%
Jun ’26−$0.17−$0.23−35.3%

The day after each of these reports the stock moved −10.8% (Dec 2025, missed); −2.4% (Mar 2026, missed); +6.4% (Jun 2026, missed).

Expected nextConsensus of Nov 10, 2026

For the quarter ending Sep 2026 (Red Cat Holdings reports on Nov 16, 2026), analysts expect an adjusted loss of $0.18 a share, and revenue of $41M, up 322% on a year earlier. For the fiscal year ending Dec 2026, they expect revenue of $151M, up 271% on the year before.

EPS, quarter ending Sep 2026
−$0.18

Adjusted. Sep 2025: a loss of $0.16, far from its estimate; range −$0.18 to −$0.18; 1 analysts

Revenue, quarter ending Sep 2026
$41M+322% on a year earlier

Sep 2025: $9.6M; range $31M to $49M; 5 analysts

Revenue, year ending Dec 2026
$151M+271% on the year before

The year to Dec 2025: $41M; range $150M to $153M; 5 analysts

Show the data
PeriodFigureExpectedLow to highAnalystsA year earlierChange
Quarter ending Sep 2026, results Nov 16, 2026EPS (adjusted)−$0.18−$0.18 to −$0.181−$0.16 (Sep 2025)—
Quarter ending Sep 2026, results Nov 16, 2026Revenue$41M$31M to $49M5$9.6M (Sep 2025)+322%
Quarter ending Dec 2026EPS (adjusted)−$0.12−$0.12 to −$0.121−$0.17 (Dec 2025)—
Quarter ending Dec 2026Revenue$75M$67M to $84M5$26M (Dec 2025)+185%
Year ending Dec 2026Revenue$151M$150M to $153M5$41M (year to Dec 2025)+271%
Year ending Dec 2027Revenue$214M$196M to $265M6$151M (expected, year to Dec 2026)+42%

Targets, ratings and earnings estimates: Yahoo Finance. Rating and target changes: Yahoo Finance's list of upgrades and downgrades. The average target on each day is the average of every listed firm's latest target set in the 180 days before it, so it counts fewer analysts than the average target above, and the band is the middle half of those targets (a quarter of the firms are above it, a quarter below); a target set before a stock split is divided by the split. Expected figures: the average of the analysts' estimates (Yahoo Finance). Their EPS is adjusted, as analysts estimate it, so it is set against the adjusted EPS Yahoo reports for the same quarters, not the GAAP EPS of the growth and valuation sections; revenue against the SEC filings. No change is given against a quarter whose reported EPS was more than 50% off its own estimate (often a one-off gain or charge), nor against a year that counts one. Each estimate is pinned to its fiscal period by the report date or the period's end, and one that cannot be is left out.

Where the cash goes

Capex of $19M exceeds operating cash flow of −$139M, leaving free cash flow of −$158M. The gap has to be covered with cash on hand or borrowing.

Where a year of cash went4 quarters to Jun 2026
Show the data
LineAmount
Op. cash flow−$139M
Capex−$19M
Free cash flow−$158M
Dividends—
Buybacks—
Cash retained−$158M
Free cash flow yield
−26.3%

Free cash flow is negative, so the company is burning cash.

Dividend yield
No dividend

No dividend today; cash goes to growth and share buybacks.

Diluted sharesUp 49.9% in a year

Red Cat Holdings had 137M diluted shares in the quarter ended Jun 2026, 49.9% more than a year earlier.

Show the data
Quarter endedDiluted shares
Mar 202474M
Jun 202474M
Sep 202476M
Mar 202586M
Jun 202591M
Sep 2025100M
Mar 2026121M
Jun 2026137M

Free cash flow: operating cash flow minus capital spending on property, plant and equipment, from SEC filings. Shares: each quarter's diluted weighted average as filed with the SEC, since the stock's listing and its latest split.

Financial health

Current ratio 15.3, no pressure to repay short-term debt; debt-to-equity 0.0, debt is very low and the balance sheet is solid.

Current ratio
15.3Strong liquidity

Assets that can be turned into cash soon are 15.3x what is owed within a year. 1.5 or higher is comfortable; below 1 needs watching.

Debt-to-equity
0.0Very low debt

For every $1 of shareholder funds, there is $0.0 of debt (leases not counted). The higher the number, the more pressure when the economy weakens.

Net cash
$163MMore cash than debt

Cash and short-term investments of $168M against debt of $5M. Lease obligations of $14M are not counted: they are rent owed, not money borrowed. It also holds $692K of long-term investments, all of them securities it could sell.

AssetsTotal ~$274M
Cash
$168M61.3%
Investments
$700K0.3%
Receivables
$26M9.6%
Inventory
$24M8.6%
Property & equipment
$21M7.6%
Goodwill
$18M6.5%
Intangibles
$6.9M2.5%
Other
$9.9M3.6%
Liabilities & equityTotal ~$274M
Current
$15M5.4%
Long-term
$13M4.7%
Equity
$246M89.9%

Latest fiscal year balance sheet. Source: Yahoo Finance.

Who holds it

In the filings of 1 fund whose copy leaves RCAT out (on the exchange, not in the app yet): Swiss National Bank.

What did the funds Hunch tracks do?

Of the 83 funds whose 13F filings Hunch reads, 2 held RCAT at the end of their latest quarter (for most, Q3 2026). Over that quarter 2 added shares and 1 sold all. The largest of them is Nomura Holdings, 432,634 shares worth $4.6M at Jun 30, 2026, 3,598.4% more than a quarter earlier.

Funds that added shares
2

Over their latest quarter

Funds that cut
1

1 of them sold all

Each fund's change in sharesChange in shares over the latest quarter
Added or newCut or sold all
Show every fund
FundQuarterSharesValueChange in sharesChangeFiled
Renaissance TechnologiesQ3 20260—−514,126Sold allNov 12, 2026
Nomura HoldingsQ2 2026432,634$4.6M+420,936+3598%Aug 14, 2026
Swiss National BankQ3 2026277,000$1.8M+12,100+4.6%Nov 12, 2026

From the 13F filings of the 83 funds Hunch tracks, not of every institution: each fund's shares of RCAT at its latest quarter end against the quarter before, as filed (long positions only, options left out), the quarter before put on the latest quarter's share count across a split. A fund files 45 days after its quarter ends, so some have a newer quarter than others. Value is at the quarter end.

Are insiders buying or selling?

Officers and directors sold $7.9M of RCAT on the open market in the 12 months to Nov 12, 2026; none bought. 59% of the sales were made under 10b5-1 plans, set up in advance. The largest was Jeffrey M Thompson (Chairman of the Board, CEO; director), who sold $4.7M in 4 sales.

Sold
$7.9M

8 sales

Bought
None

0 purchases

Under 10b5-1 plans
59%

Share of the sales' value

Trades on the priceA dot a day, sized by value
RCATSaleSale under a 10b5-1 plan
Who tradedOpen-market trades, last 12 months
Jeffrey M Thompson
Chairman of the Board, CEO; director · 100% under a 10b5-1 plan
−$4.7M4 trades
Paul Funk II
Director
−$1.9M1 trade
Nicholas Reyland Liuzza JR
Director
−$1.1M2 trades
Christopher R. Moe
Director
−$210K1 trade
Show every trade
DateInsiderRoleTradeSharesPriceValueFiled
Oct 15, 2026Jeffrey M ThompsonChairman of the Board, CEO; directorSale (10b5-1 plan)150,000$4.51$676KOct 19, 2026
Sep 15, 2026Jeffrey M ThompsonChairman of the Board, CEO; directorSale (10b5-1 plan)150,000$7.74$1.2MSep 17, 2026
Aug 28, 2026Nicholas Reyland Liuzza JRDirectorSale65,000$8.50$552KSep 1, 2026
Aug 17, 2026Jeffrey M ThompsonChairman of the Board, CEO; directorSale (10b5-1 plan)150,000$10.45$1.6MAug 19, 2026
Aug 11, 2026Nicholas Reyland Liuzza JRDirectorSale55,000$10.63$585KAug 13, 2026
Aug 11, 2026Christopher R. MoeDirectorSale20,000$10.51$210KAug 13, 2026
Jul 15, 2026Jeffrey M ThompsonChairman of the Board, CEO; directorSale (10b5-1 plan)150,000$8.51$1.3MJul 16, 2026
Jun 11, 2026Paul Funk IIDirectorSale165,028$11.50$1.9MJun 15, 2026

From the Form 4s filed with the SEC about Red Cat Holdings, Inc. (31 in the 12 months): purchases (code P) and sales (code S) on the open market by its officers and directors, at the price each filing gives (often an average of the day's trades). A sale is a 10b5-1 sale when its filing says it was made under such a plan, set up in advance. Not counted: 21 other transactions (option exercises, shares withheld for tax, gifts and other transfers).